Nkag siab Alternating Current (AC) hauv Kev Tsim Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Txhawm rau tsim hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob siv hluav taws xob hloov pauv (AC), lub tswv yim tam sim no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab ua ntej. Feem ntau cov kab hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob yog AC, uas feem ntau pom muaj qhov ua haujlwm sinusoidal waveform.
Daim duab 1: AC waveform thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
Thaum ua haujlwm nrog AC, cov kev txwv hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab:
Peak Voltage / Tam sim no: Qhov siab tshaj plaws amplitude ntawm lub waveform.
Ntau zaus: Tus naj npawb ntawm waveform cycles ib ob. Lub sijhawm rau ib lub voj voog ua tiav yog hu ualub sij hawm.
Nruab nrab Voltage / Tam sim no: Tus nqi nruab nrab ntawm tag nrho cov ntsiab lus voltage dhau ib lub voj voog. Nyob rau hauv ib tug ntshiab AC waveform tsis muaj DC offset, tus nqi no yog xoom vim hais tias qhov zoo thiab tsis zoo halves tso tseg ib leeg.
RMS (Root Mean Square) Voltage / Tam sim no: Lub hauv paus txhais tau tias square ntawm instantaneous voltage qhov tseem ceeb tshaj ib lub voj voog. Rau qhov ntshiab AC sine yoj, qhov no tuaj yeem suav nrog siv Formula.
RMS yog sib npaug rau DC lub zog yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj cua sov tib yam. Qhov kev txhais no, txawm tias nyuaj, muab "tus nqi zoo" ntawm AC thiab tau siv dav hauv hluav taws xob engineering, feem ntau txhais tau tias yog VAC.
Theem: Lub angular sib txawv ntawm ob waveforms. Lub voj voog AC tag nrho spans 360 degree, nrog peaks ntawm 90℃(zoo) thiab 270℃(tsis zoo), thiab xoom hla ntawm 180℃thiab 360 degree.
Yog tias ob lub waveforms tau npaj ua ke thiab ib qho nce mus txog qhov zoo siab thaum lwm qhov nce mus txog qhov tsis zoo (piv txwv li, 90℃vs . 270 degree), lawv muaj 180℃theem sib txawv thiab raug hais tawm ntawm theem. A 0℃theem sib txawv qhia tias waveforms nyob rau theem.
AC hauv Fais Fab Kis
AC yog thawj txoj hauv kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob mus rau cov neeg siv kawg. Qhov no yog vim AC tso cai rau kev hloov pauv hluav taws xob zoo thaum sib kis.
Cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob tsim hluav taws xob ntawm ~ 40,000 V (40 kV), uas tom qab ntawd nce mus txog150-800 kVntev - kis tau tus mob kom txo tau qhov kev poob siab.
Nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw, qhov voltage yog txo mus rau4-35 kV, thiab thaum kawg120V los yog 240Vrau siv nyob.
DC tsis tuaj yeem ua tiav qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau yooj yim, raws li cov kab hluav taws xob hloov pauv (uas tso siab rau qhov hloov pauv hluav taws xob) tsuas yog ua haujlwm nrog AC.
AC / DC Linear Power Supplies
Ib qho AC / DC linear fais fab mov ua raws li cov kauj ruam no:
Figure 2: Functional Block Diagram
Kauj ruam -down transformer: Txo AC input voltage.
Kev kho: Hloov AC rau pulsating DC.
Lim: Smoothens DC waveform.
Qhov zoo: Yooj yim tsim, matured tshaj kaum xyoo nrog kev txhim kho efficiency thiab lub zog ntau yam.
Kev txwv:
Loj: Tsawg- zaus ua haujlwm (piv txwv li, 50 Hz) yuav tsum muaj qhov loj, hnyav hloov pauv hloov hluav taws xob ntawm thawj thiab theem nrab coils.
Kev tswj hluav taws xob: Linear regulators dissipate ntau zog raws li cua sov. Thaum lub zog siab, qhov no xav tau cov dab dej kub loj heev, ua rau kev tswj xyuas thermal impractical.
AC/DC Hloov-Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob
Txhawm rau hais txog cov kev txwv ntawm cov qauv tsim tawm, hloov- hom khoom siv hluav taws xob tau tsim:
Input rectification/filtering: AC ncaj qha hloov mus rau DC.
Chopper Circuit Court: Hloov DC rau hauv siab - zaus pulses.
Kauj ruam -down transformer: Siv lub compact, siab - zaus transformer.
Tso zis rectification/filtering: Ua kom ruaj khov DC.
Qhov zoo:
Compact loj: High- zaus ua haujlwm tso cai rau cov hloov pauv me me.
Kev ua haujlwm siab: Tsawg zog poob piv rau cov qauv tsim tawm.
Kev tswj cua sov: Txo cov cua sov dissipation tshem tawm cov dab dej kub heev.
Kev sib tw:
Suab nrov: Siab - zaus hloov pauv qhia txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm electromagnetic cuam tshuam (EMI), xav tau kev lim dej siab.
nyuaj: Tswj circuits yog ntau sophisticated tab sis tswj tau nrog niaj hnub integrated Cheebtsam.
Cov ntsiab lus
AC / DC cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj nyob txhua qhov chaw, hloov AC mus rau DC ruaj khov rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:
AC vs DC kis tau tus mob: AC dominates daim phiaj vim muaj kev hloov hluav taws xob zoo.
Tib-theem vs. peb-phase systems:
Ib zaug -theem: Yooj yim, txaus rau tsev neeg.
Peb-theem: Muab ruaj khov, siab zog rau cov ntawv thov kev lag luam.
Tsim evolution:
Cov khoom siv linear: Txwv los ntawm qhov loj thiab kev ua haujlwm tab sis yooj yim.
Hloov- cov khoom siv: Compact, npaum, thiab tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv niaj hnub kev siv.
